GLOSSARY OF TERMS "N"- An Indian Art.
Prashanth | 5:23 PM |
General Info
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
na - Fundamental tabla bol.
nad siddha - The spiritual mastery over sound to the extent that miracles may be worked.
nadaswaram - A large south Indian oboe used in temples marriages etc.
nagada - A pair of kettle drums played with sticks.
nagada khani rela - A rela which is structured to imitate the sound of a nagada.
nakshatra tal - An obscure tal of 27 beats.
nal - A dholki.
namaskar - A traditional greeting, or show of respect made by bringing the hands together.
namaskari paran - An unusual piece which incorporates a namaskar into the structure, usually into the tihai.
nandi tal - An obscure tal considered by some to be 24 beats and 32 by others.
narayani tal - An unusual tal of 9 3/4 beats.
narada - Great saint in mythology who is said to be responsible for bringing the science of music to mankind.
nat tal - An obscure tal of four beats.
natyashastra - The science of dramatics.
naubat - A traditional group of musicians associated with open air performances at royal courts.
nau-hakka - See nohakka.
nau-ki-tihai - A chakradar.
navaras - The nine primary emotions of the Indian system of aesthetics.
navaratna - Nine jewels or nine learned men of a royal court.
nilakusum tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
nilanbuj tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
nimish - An archaic unit of time equal to the blink of an eye.
nirdosh tal - An obscure tal of five beats.
nisaru tal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
nishabd kriya - Timekeeping without making a sound.
nishad - The seventh note of the scale (Ni).
nishkram - (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (marg nishabd kriya).
nishoruk tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
nohakka - A type of tihai in which the bol "dha" comes nine times.
nomtom - A rhythmic style of introduction found in dhrupad and dhammar.
nrtya - Dance.
numtum - See Nomtom.
na - Fundamental tabla bol.
nad siddha - The spiritual mastery over sound to the extent that miracles may be worked.
nadaswaram - A large south Indian oboe used in temples marriages etc.
nagada - A pair of kettle drums played with sticks.
nagada khani rela - A rela which is structured to imitate the sound of a nagada.
nakshatra tal - An obscure tal of 27 beats.
nal - A dholki.
namaskar - A traditional greeting, or show of respect made by bringing the hands together.
namaskari paran - An unusual piece which incorporates a namaskar into the structure, usually into the tihai.
nandi tal - An obscure tal considered by some to be 24 beats and 32 by others.
narayani tal - An unusual tal of 9 3/4 beats.
narada - Great saint in mythology who is said to be responsible for bringing the science of music to mankind.
nat tal - An obscure tal of four beats.
natyashastra - The science of dramatics.
naubat - A traditional group of musicians associated with open air performances at royal courts.
nau-hakka - See nohakka.
nau-ki-tihai - A chakradar.
navaras - The nine primary emotions of the Indian system of aesthetics.
navaratna - Nine jewels or nine learned men of a royal court.
nilakusum tal - An obscure tal of 15 beats.
nilanbuj tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
nimish - An archaic unit of time equal to the blink of an eye.
nirdosh tal - An obscure tal of five beats.
nisaru tal - An obscure tal of 10 beats.
nishabd kriya - Timekeeping without making a sound.
nishad - The seventh note of the scale (Ni).
nishkram - (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (marg nishabd kriya).
nishoruk tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
nohakka - A type of tihai in which the bol "dha" comes nine times.
nomtom - A rhythmic style of introduction found in dhrupad and dhammar.
nrtya - Dance.
numtum - See Nomtom.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "M"- An Indian Art.
Prashanth | 5:23 PM |
General Info
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
madan tal - An obscure tal of three or 12 beats.
madhumalati tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats.
madhya lay - Medium tempo.
madhya saptak - The middle octave.
madhyam - The fourth note of the scale (Ma).
magadh tal - An obscure tal of 23 beats.
maha tal - A non-standard name for tintal.
mahaadi lay - Double tempo of adi lay. (i.e., tigun)
mahabiadi lay - Double tempo of biadi lay.
mahakuadi lay - Double tempo of kuadi lay.
mahanat tal - An obscure tal of 14 or 16 beats.
Maharashtra - A state in western India
mahasen tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mahavraj tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be of 8, 12 or 20 beats.
mahesh tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
mahfil - A gathering, usually for poetry or music.
maidan - The main resonating membrane of tabla or pakhawaj. makarandakirti tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
malla tal - An obscure tal, some say of 21 beats, others say 13.
mallikatamode tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats.
mandra saptak - The lower octave.
mani tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
manipuri - A classical dance style from the northeastern state of Manipur.
manjira - Small cymbals.
manmath tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mansij tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
manthika tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
marg - 1) Describing the music of the gandharvas or celestial beings. 2) An ancient concept regarding the pauses between the beats. There were four types of marg: dhruva marg, chitra marg, vartik marg, and dakshan marg. marg nishabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was not produced. This was specifically used in the marg sangeet.
marg sashabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was produced (e.g., snapping of fingers, clapping of hands etc.). This was specifically used in the marg sangeet.
marg tal - A tal of the celestial beings, opposite of deshi tal.
marichi tal - An obscure tal of 26 beats.
masitkhani gat - A slow form played by sitar, sarod, santur and other instruments.
Matang - The author of the Brihaddeshi.
mathya tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be 8, 10, or 16 beats.
matra - The beat.
matt gayand tal - An obscure tal of 19 beats.
matt tal - An obscure tal of nine or 18 beats.
mattavijay tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
mayur tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
meend - A slide.
megh malhar - A rag which is associated with the rainy season.
mira - A great woman saint.
mirasi - A low caste Muslim community of hereditary musicians.
misra jati - Any rhythm based upon 1 3/4, 3 1/2, 7, 14, etc. beats.
mithilesh tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mitti bayan - A bayan made of clay.
mizrab - A pick worn on the finger to play sitar.
mohan tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
mohani tal - An obscure tal of three beats.
mohara - A short composition with a tihai which ends on sam.
mridang - Any two headed barrel shaped drum of the pakhawaj variety.
mridanga yati - An ancient rhythmic form which begins slow, becomes fast towards the middle and again becomes slow towards the end.
mridangam - A south Indian mridang.
mukhada - A very small phrase or composition ending on sam. It may or may not have a tihai.
mukheda - See mukhada.
mundi - A term use by Banarasi musicians to indicate khali.
murali - A flute.
murchana - Modulation, or the process of deriving a new mode by shifting the tonic of an existing mode.
murchang - A jew's harp.
madan tal - An obscure tal of three or 12 beats.
madhumalati tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats.
madhya lay - Medium tempo.
madhya saptak - The middle octave.
madhyam - The fourth note of the scale (Ma).
magadh tal - An obscure tal of 23 beats.
maha tal - A non-standard name for tintal.
mahaadi lay - Double tempo of adi lay. (i.e., tigun)
mahabiadi lay - Double tempo of biadi lay.
mahakuadi lay - Double tempo of kuadi lay.
mahanat tal - An obscure tal of 14 or 16 beats.
Maharashtra - A state in western India
mahasen tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mahavraj tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be of 8, 12 or 20 beats.
mahesh tal - An obscure tal of nine beats.
mahfil - A gathering, usually for poetry or music.
maidan - The main resonating membrane of tabla or pakhawaj. makarandakirti tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
malla tal - An obscure tal, some say of 21 beats, others say 13.
mallikatamode tal - An obscure tal of 16 beats.
mandra saptak - The lower octave.
mani tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
manipuri - A classical dance style from the northeastern state of Manipur.
manjira - Small cymbals.
manmath tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mansij tal - An obscure tal of 21 beats.
manthika tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
marg - 1) Describing the music of the gandharvas or celestial beings. 2) An ancient concept regarding the pauses between the beats. There were four types of marg: dhruva marg, chitra marg, vartik marg, and dakshan marg. marg nishabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was not produced. This was specifically used in the marg sangeet.
marg sashabd kriya - An ancient concept regarding timekeeping with the hands, performed so that sound was produced (e.g., snapping of fingers, clapping of hands etc.). This was specifically used in the marg sangeet.
marg tal - A tal of the celestial beings, opposite of deshi tal.
marichi tal - An obscure tal of 26 beats.
masitkhani gat - A slow form played by sitar, sarod, santur and other instruments.
Matang - The author of the Brihaddeshi.
mathya tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be 8, 10, or 16 beats.
matra - The beat.
matt gayand tal - An obscure tal of 19 beats.
matt tal - An obscure tal of nine or 18 beats.
mattavijay tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
mayur tal - An obscure tal of 17 beats.
meend - A slide.
megh malhar - A rag which is associated with the rainy season.
mira - A great woman saint.
mirasi - A low caste Muslim community of hereditary musicians.
misra jati - Any rhythm based upon 1 3/4, 3 1/2, 7, 14, etc. beats.
mithilesh tal - An obscure tal of 20 beats.
mitti bayan - A bayan made of clay.
mizrab - A pick worn on the finger to play sitar.
mohan tal - An obscure tal of 12 beats.
mohani tal - An obscure tal of three beats.
mohara - A short composition with a tihai which ends on sam.
mridang - Any two headed barrel shaped drum of the pakhawaj variety.
mridanga yati - An ancient rhythmic form which begins slow, becomes fast towards the middle and again becomes slow towards the end.
mridangam - A south Indian mridang.
mukhada - A very small phrase or composition ending on sam. It may or may not have a tihai.
mukheda - See mukhada.
mundi - A term use by Banarasi musicians to indicate khali.
murali - A flute.
murchana - Modulation, or the process of deriving a new mode by shifting the tonic of an existing mode.
murchang - A jew's harp.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "L" - An Indian Art.
Prashanth | 5:22 PM |
General Info
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
ladi - A type of laggi.
ladi kaida - A kaida created by having a ladi follow a strict kaida format.
laggi - A fast lively style of playing, similar to rela, used in light styles of playing, particularly with bhajans, thumris, gazal, etc.
laggi kaida - A laggi constructed upon a strict kaida structure.
laghu - An archaic unit of time equal to two drut.
laghushekhar tal - An obscure tal of five or seven beats.
lahara - A simple, repetitive melody used to accompany tabla solos and kathak dance. Sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as naghma.
lakadi - (Lit. wood) The wooden shell of the tabla.
lakhnowi baj - The style of playing originating from Lucknow.
lakshan geet - A style of singing where the lyrics are a description of the rag.
Lakshmi - Goddess of wealth.
lakshmi tal - An obscure tal of 18 or 36 beats.
lalkila paran - A type of dohatthu which is inspired from nagada.
langalul tal - An obscure tal of 14 beats.
lav - 1) Maidan, sur, the part of the tabla's playing surface between the chat (kinar) and the syahi. 2) An archaic unit unit of time said to be equal to eight kshan.
lavani tal - An eight beat tal.
lay - Tempo.
layakari - 1) The relationship between the performed pulse of a composition and the theoretical beat. 2) Complex divisions of the beat.
lilawati tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
lokmata tal - An obscure tal of 19 beats.
lom-vilom - A novel structure which is composed of two parts. The first part being a mirror image of the second. Therefore, the composition is the same whether it is read backwards or forwards.
lucknow - 1) A city in northern India. 2) The gharana from this area.
ladi - A type of laggi.
ladi kaida - A kaida created by having a ladi follow a strict kaida format.
laggi - A fast lively style of playing, similar to rela, used in light styles of playing, particularly with bhajans, thumris, gazal, etc.
laggi kaida - A laggi constructed upon a strict kaida structure.
laghu - An archaic unit of time equal to two drut.
laghushekhar tal - An obscure tal of five or seven beats.
lahara - A simple, repetitive melody used to accompany tabla solos and kathak dance. Sometimes (incorrectly) referred to as naghma.
lakadi - (Lit. wood) The wooden shell of the tabla.
lakhnowi baj - The style of playing originating from Lucknow.
lakshan geet - A style of singing where the lyrics are a description of the rag.
Lakshmi - Goddess of wealth.
lakshmi tal - An obscure tal of 18 or 36 beats.
lalkila paran - A type of dohatthu which is inspired from nagada.
langalul tal - An obscure tal of 14 beats.
lav - 1) Maidan, sur, the part of the tabla's playing surface between the chat (kinar) and the syahi. 2) An archaic unit unit of time said to be equal to eight kshan.
lavani tal - An eight beat tal.
lay - Tempo.
layakari - 1) The relationship between the performed pulse of a composition and the theoretical beat. 2) Complex divisions of the beat.
lilawati tal - An obscure tal of 13 beats.
lokmata tal - An obscure tal of 19 beats.
lom-vilom - A novel structure which is composed of two parts. The first part being a mirror image of the second. Therefore, the composition is the same whether it is read backwards or forwards.
lucknow - 1) A city in northern India. 2) The gharana from this area.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "K" - An Indian Art.
Prashanth | 5:21 PM |
General Info
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
ka - A tabla bol of the left hand.
kaal - See kal.
Kabir - A great saint who composed many bhajans.
kaherava tal - A common eight-beat tal.
kaida - A highly formalized approach to a tabla solo.
kaida peshkar - A peshkar whose variations adhere strictly to the kaida format.
kaida rela - A rela performed to a strict kaida format.
kaidafarodast tal - An obscure tal in 19 beats.
kakapad - An archaic unit of time equal to four laghu.
kal - 1) The entire concept of time and musical timing. 2) One of the 10 vital airs of tal (Das Pran), which deals with absolute time.
kala - 1) Art. 2) An archaic unit of time roughly comparable to a minute.
kalanidhi tal - An obscure tal in 25 beats.
kalavati tal - An unusual tal of 9 1/2 beats.
kamali paran - A paran which is constructed in a highly unusual yet fascinating manner.
kan - See kshan.
kandarp tal - A rare tal of 24 beats.
kanjira - A small south Indian tambourine.
Kannada - A language of southern India.
kapalbhrat tal - A very rare tal of 10 beats.
karalmanch tal - An old and obscure tal of five or 10 beats.
karnatic sangeet - See carnatic sangeet.
kartal - Wooden frames in which small jingles are placed. A simple clapper.
kashth - (Lit. "wood") An archaic unit of time = to eight lav.
kashttarang - A wooden xylophone, or marimba.
kat - A tabla bol.
kathak - A north Indian style of classical dance.
kathakali - A dance form of the south Indian state of Kerala.
kaushik tal - A rare tal in 18 beats.
kawali - A style of Islamic devotional song.
kawali tal - A tal of eight beats similar to kaherava.
kdan or - A powerful bol of both pakhawaj and tabla.
ke - A tabla bol of the left hand.
keherava - See kaherava.
kerva tal - See kaherava, a common eight beat tal.
khali - (Lit. "empty") Waved, opposite of bhari or tali.
khalifa - The oldest and most respected representative of a gharana.
khamsa tal - A rare tal in eight beats.
khand jati - Any rhythm based upon 2 1/2, 5, 10, etc. beats.
khandapurna tal - A rare tal in 16 beats.
khayal - See kheyal.
khemta tal - A fairly common yet amorphous tal variously described as six or 12 beats.
kheyal - The most prominent style of classical vocal today.
kheyal tal - See chang tal.
khol - A folk drum of northeast India.
khula - (Lit. "open") Resonant strokes such as Ga, Thun, etc.
khula baj - (Lit. "open style") A style of tabla playing where the hands do not remain in contact with the drums, characteristic of the lucknowi style.
khuli - See bhari.
khyal - See kheyal.
ki or - A tabla bol of the left hand.
kinar - (Lit. "edge") The chat.
kirtan - A Hindu religious song or recitation.
kisma - A term used by Benares tabla players to indicate a rearangment of the bols of theka (i.e., prakar).
kisme - Plural of kisma.
kokil tal - An obscure seven-beat tal similar to tivra tal.
kokila tal - A obscure pakhawaj tal variously described as seven or 17 beats.
komal - A note which is flattened.
krantan - An ornament of sitar or sarod produced by hammering with the left hand against the fret or fingerboard.
krishna tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal in 20 beats.
kriya - An old and obsolete term describing the manner of keeping time with the hands.
krushya - (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).
kshan - An archaic unit of time, an instant, a tiny fraction of a second.
kuadi lay - In a four unit time, one plays five units. See also sawai.
kuchipudi - A classical dance form of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
kumbh tal - An obscure tal in 11 beats.
kundal - The small ring at the bottom side of the tabla used for the lacing.
kuri - The shell of the bayan.
kusumaker tal - An obscure tal in 27 beats.
ka - A tabla bol of the left hand.
kaal - See kal.
Kabir - A great saint who composed many bhajans.
kaherava tal - A common eight-beat tal.
kaida - A highly formalized approach to a tabla solo.
kaida peshkar - A peshkar whose variations adhere strictly to the kaida format.
kaida rela - A rela performed to a strict kaida format.
kaidafarodast tal - An obscure tal in 19 beats.
kakapad - An archaic unit of time equal to four laghu.
kal - 1) The entire concept of time and musical timing. 2) One of the 10 vital airs of tal (Das Pran), which deals with absolute time.
kala - 1) Art. 2) An archaic unit of time roughly comparable to a minute.
kalanidhi tal - An obscure tal in 25 beats.
kalavati tal - An unusual tal of 9 1/2 beats.
kamali paran - A paran which is constructed in a highly unusual yet fascinating manner.
kan - See kshan.
kandarp tal - A rare tal of 24 beats.
kanjira - A small south Indian tambourine.
Kannada - A language of southern India.
kapalbhrat tal - A very rare tal of 10 beats.
karalmanch tal - An old and obscure tal of five or 10 beats.
karnatic sangeet - See carnatic sangeet.
kartal - Wooden frames in which small jingles are placed. A simple clapper.
kashth - (Lit. "wood") An archaic unit of time = to eight lav.
kashttarang - A wooden xylophone, or marimba.
kat - A tabla bol.
kathak - A north Indian style of classical dance.
kathakali - A dance form of the south Indian state of Kerala.
kaushik tal - A rare tal in 18 beats.
kawali - A style of Islamic devotional song.
kawali tal - A tal of eight beats similar to kaherava.
kdan or - A powerful bol of both pakhawaj and tabla.
ke - A tabla bol of the left hand.
keherava - See kaherava.
kerva tal - See kaherava, a common eight beat tal.
khali - (Lit. "empty") Waved, opposite of bhari or tali.
khalifa - The oldest and most respected representative of a gharana.
khamsa tal - A rare tal in eight beats.
khand jati - Any rhythm based upon 2 1/2, 5, 10, etc. beats.
khandapurna tal - A rare tal in 16 beats.
khayal - See kheyal.
khemta tal - A fairly common yet amorphous tal variously described as six or 12 beats.
kheyal - The most prominent style of classical vocal today.
kheyal tal - See chang tal.
khol - A folk drum of northeast India.
khula - (Lit. "open") Resonant strokes such as Ga, Thun, etc.
khula baj - (Lit. "open style") A style of tabla playing where the hands do not remain in contact with the drums, characteristic of the lucknowi style.
khuli - See bhari.
khyal - See kheyal.
ki or - A tabla bol of the left hand.
kinar - (Lit. "edge") The chat.
kirtan - A Hindu religious song or recitation.
kisma - A term used by Benares tabla players to indicate a rearangment of the bols of theka (i.e., prakar).
kisme - Plural of kisma.
kokil tal - An obscure seven-beat tal similar to tivra tal.
kokila tal - A obscure pakhawaj tal variously described as seven or 17 beats.
komal - A note which is flattened.
krantan - An ornament of sitar or sarod produced by hammering with the left hand against the fret or fingerboard.
krishna tal - An obscure pakhawaj tal in 20 beats.
kriya - An old and obsolete term describing the manner of keeping time with the hands.
krushya - (Archaic) A style of silent timekeeping (deshi nishabd kriya).
kshan - An archaic unit of time, an instant, a tiny fraction of a second.
kuadi lay - In a four unit time, one plays five units. See also sawai.
kuchipudi - A classical dance form of the south Indian state of Andhra Pradesh.
kumbh tal - An obscure tal in 11 beats.
kundal - The small ring at the bottom side of the tabla used for the lacing.
kuri - The shell of the bayan.
kusumaker tal - An obscure tal in 27 beats.
GLOSSARY OF TERMS "J" - An Indian Art.
Prashanth | 5:21 PM |
General Info
GLOSSARY OF TERMS- An Indian Art.
jagadamba tal - An obscure 19 beat tal.
jagajhampa tal - An obscure 15 beat tal.
jagpal tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
jaltarang - A set of bowls tuned by adding or removing water, hit with small wooden sticks.
jarab - See zarab.
jat tal - An obscure tal, variously considered to be 8, 12, or 16 beats.
jat dipchandi - See dipchandi.
jati - 1) A class of rhythm. 2) The number of notes present in a rag. 3) An ancient modal form of singing.
jayamangal tal - An obscure tal which some consider 13 beats while others consider 14 beats.
jhala - The fast rhythmic style of instrumental music characterized by a constant plucking of drone strings (chikari).
jhampa tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be 6, 7, 8, 10, or 12 beats.
jhampak tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
jhaptal - A common tal of 10 beats.
jhoomra - See jhumra.
jhumra tal - A tal of 14 beats, used primarily in kheyal.
jod - A style of instrumental music characterized by rhythm but no rhythmic cycle.
jor - An instrumental equivalent of nomtom.
joralap - See jor.
jori - The tabla pair.
jugalbandhi - Duet between two similar instruments or vocalists.
jagadamba tal - An obscure 19 beat tal.
jagajhampa tal - An obscure 15 beat tal.
jagpal tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
jaltarang - A set of bowls tuned by adding or removing water, hit with small wooden sticks.
jarab - See zarab.
jat tal - An obscure tal, variously considered to be 8, 12, or 16 beats.
jat dipchandi - See dipchandi.
jati - 1) A class of rhythm. 2) The number of notes present in a rag. 3) An ancient modal form of singing.
jayamangal tal - An obscure tal which some consider 13 beats while others consider 14 beats.
jhala - The fast rhythmic style of instrumental music characterized by a constant plucking of drone strings (chikari).
jhampa tal - An obscure tal variously considered to be 6, 7, 8, 10, or 12 beats.
jhampak tal - An obscure 11 beat tal.
jhaptal - A common tal of 10 beats.
jhoomra - See jhumra.
jhumra tal - A tal of 14 beats, used primarily in kheyal.
jod - A style of instrumental music characterized by rhythm but no rhythmic cycle.
jor - An instrumental equivalent of nomtom.
joralap - See jor.
jori - The tabla pair.
jugalbandhi - Duet between two similar instruments or vocalists.
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