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FORWARD BENDS

FORWARD BENDS

Forward bends are typically thought of as poses that direct our awareness away from the outside world and toward the inner world. While the back of the body is being stretched in forward bends, particularly the backs of the legs, our attention should continually be focused on the front torso. Always tip into a forward bend from the groins, being sure to maintain the length of the front torso, especially the lower belly between the pubic bone (the front bottom of the pelvis) and the navel. As soon as you begin to feel this area shorten, you should stop the forward movement, lift out of the pose slightly, reestablish the length of the lower belly, and then try to bend forward again.

FORWARD BEND SEQUENCE (Total time 50 to 70 minutes)

1. Supta Padangustasana (Reclining Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose)
Hold the right leg vertical for one to two minutes, then open the leg out to the side, resting the outer thigh on a block for the same length of time. Repeat with the left leg for the same length of time. (Total time two to four minutes) .

2. Dandasana (Staff Pose)
Hold for one minute, then lean back and, with an exhalation, draw the legs into:

3. Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose)
Hold for one minute, then as you inhale, lightly extend the legs back into Dandasana. (Total time for steps two and three: two minutes) .

4. Janu Sirsasana (Head-to-knee Pose)
Hold for two to three minutes on a side. (Total time four to six minutes) .

5. Ardha Baddha Padmottanasana (Half-Bound Half-Lotus Forward Bend)
Hold for two to three minutes on each side. (Total time four to six minutes) .

6. Trianga Mukhaikapada Paschimottanasana (Three-Limbed Forward Bend)
Hold for two to three minutes on each side. (Total time four to six minutes) .

7. Krounchasana (Heron Pose)
Hold for one to two minutes on each side. (Total time four to six minutes) .

8. Marichyasana I (Pose Dedicated to the Sage Marichi)
Hold for one to two minutes on each side. (Total time four to six minutes) .

9. Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend)
(Total time two to three minutes).

10. Upavistha Konasana (Wide-Angle Seated Forward Bend)
First twist to the right for one minute, then to the left for the same length of time. Return to center and fold forward for two minutes. (Total time four minutes) .

11. Tadasana (Mountain Pose)
(Total time one minute).

12. Uttanasana (Standing Forward Bend)
(Total time one to two minutes).

13. Utthita Trikonasana (Extended Triangle Pose)
For one minute on each side. (Total time two minutes) .

14. Utthita Parsvottanasana (Extended Side Stretch Pose)
Place the hands on the floor on either side of the front foot. Hold for one minute on each side. (Total time two minutes) .

15. Prasarita Padottanasana (Wide-Legged Standing Forward Bend)
(Total time one to two minutes).

16. Salamba Sarvangasana (Supported Shoulderstand)
(Total time three to five minutes).

17. Halasana (Plow Pose)
(Total time one to three minutes).

18. Savasana (Corpse Pose)
(Total time 10 minutes).



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Shoulders

Shoulders

One giveaway of poor posture, often the result of the stresses and strains of daily life, is rounded shoulders. When we hold ourselves this way, our upper back hunches, lifting the shoulders toward the ears, and our chest collapses, narrowing the space between the collarbones. All of this can lead to the head jutting forward, which creates compression and tightening in the neck. This condition creates the potential for any number of physical ailments, including chronic headaches, back pain, and breathing difficulties. A shoulder sequence should include stretches that open and lift the heart area, and exercises that draw the shoulder blades down the back and return the head to a neutral position, perched lightly on the top of the spine.

SHOULDER SEQUENCE (Total time 45 to 55 minutes) .

1. Sukhasana (Easy Pose) or Virasana (Hero Pose)
Find a seated position that is comfortable for you, and make sure you have a strap nearby. Keeping the hands well apart, hold the strap in both hands with the arms stretched forward and parallel to the floor. Inhale and sweep the strap above your head, then exhale as you bring it down behind your torso. Next, inhale the strap up again above your head, then down in front of your torso on the exhalation. Keep your elbows straight and your shoulders away from your ears. Repeat 10 to 15 times (Total time three minutes) .

2. Gomukhasana (Cow Face Pose) arm position
Take the right arm on top first. Hold for one minute. Then perform the arm position for Garudasana (Eagle Pose), right arm above the left, for the same length of time. Repeat with the left arm superior for the same length of time (Total time four minutes) .

3. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog Pose)
Come into Downward Dog with your fingertips grazing the edge of a wall. Hold for 30 seconds to two minutes. Inhale and swing your torso forward until the crown of your head presses against the wall in a variation of Plank Pose. Hold for one to two minutes, spreading your shoulder blades wide. Return to Adho Mukha Svanasana for 30 seconds to two minutes, then Plank again for one to two minutes. Finally release your knees to the floor (Total time three to four minutes) .

4. Pincha Mayurasana (Forearm Balance)
Perform at the wall for one minute. If you'd like, you can repeat for the same length of time, kicking up with your non-habitual leg.

5. Adho Mukha Vrksasana (Handstand)
Take Handstand at the wall for one minute. As you did in Forearm Balance, you can repeat for the same length of time, kicking up with your non-habitual leg.

If you are not yet working on Handstand, try Half Handstand at the wall. Measure off a leg's distance from the wall by sitting in Dandasana (Staff Pose) with the heels pressing against the wall. Turn around so that you're facing away from the wall and take Downward-Facing Dog. Place your hands where your hips were in Dandasana. Slowly walk your feet up the wall so until they are parallel with your hips. If this is your first time trying the pose, you may want to have a partner nearby to spot you.

6. Tadasana (Mountain Pose) with Anjali Mudra (Salutation Seal)
Spread and press the palms in Anjali Mudra. Use these actions to create a similar spreading and firmness of the shoulder blades on the back torso. (Total time two minutes) .

7. Utthita Parsvottanasana (Extended Side Stretch Pose)
Place the hands in reverse Anjali Mudra, pressing behind the back. Or you can cross the forearms behind the back and clasp hold of the elbows. Be sure to reverse the cross on the other side. Hold for one minute on each side. In between each side, and at the conclusion of the second side, perform Prasarita Padottanasana II (with the hands on the waist) for one minute. (Total time four minutes) .

8. Virabhadrasana I (Warrior Pose I)
One minute on each side. (Total time two minutes) .

9. Vasisthasana (Pose Dedicated to the Sage Vasistha)
One minute on each side (Total time two minutes) .

10. Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (Bridge Pose) with a variation
Sit with your knees bent and feet flat on the floor, hips distance apart. Place a strap around the ankles and lie back. Come into Bridge Pose with the hands on the strap. Hold it and walk the hands up the strap, toward the feet. Keep the shoulder blades drawing down the back. Repeat three times, each time for one minute. (Total time three minutes) .

11. Purvottanasana (Upward Plank Pose)
Come into the pose two to three times, holding for 30 seconds to one minute each time. (Total time one to three minutes) . Alternative: Come into Tabletop the pose with the knees bent and feet flat on the floor.

12. Dhanurasana (Bow Pose)
Take Dhanurasana two to three times, holding for 30 seconds to one minute each time. (Total time one to three minutes) .

13. Bharadvajasana (Bharadvaja's Twist)
One minute on each side (Total time two minutes) .

14. Salamba Sarvangasana (Supported Shoulderstand)
Practice working up to five minutes. Finish with Halasana (Plow Pose) for one to two minutes. (Total time six to seven minutes).

15. Savasana (Corpse Pose)

(Total time 10 minutes).


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Groins

Groins

My dictionary notes that the English word groin "perhaps" derives from the Old English grynde, which means "hollow." The groins are indeed hollows, located at the junctions between the thighs and pelvis. For the purposes of yoga instruction (though this is not technically correct according to anatomy textbooks), we can distinguish between the front groins and the inner groins. The front groins refer to the creases running from the hip points (the two little bony knobs a few inches to either side of the navel) diagonally down and into the pubic bone (the front bottom of the pelvis), which together form a "V" shape. The inner groins extend from the creases between the inner thighs and the perineum (the fleshy base of the pelvis). Any groin sequence should work with both these pairs of groins.

GROIN SEQUENCE: (Total time 45 to 55 minutes)
The groin sequence begins with three (supta) reclining poses.

1. Supta Baddha Konasana (Reclining Bound Angle Pose)
Start in Supta Baddha Konasana with the back of your pelvis flat on the floor. Then after a minute or so, place a block underneath your sacrum. You will eventually place the block at its highest height, but the sensation is too intense, you can lower it. (Total time two to three minutes).

2. Supta Virasana (Reclining Hero Pose)
If you can't recline comfortably on the floor, make sure that your back torso is well-supported on a bolster. Place a heavy sandbag on the front groin of the bent leg, right over the head of the thighbone. Keep each leg in position for two to three minutes (Total time four to six minutes).

Alternative: If Supta Virasana is painful for your knees, review the instructions in our Poses section. If you still find the pose uncomfortable, take a low lunge at the wall as follows: Start by facing the wall. Place your right big toe at the wall and slide your left knee back into a low lunge. (The top of your left foot and left knee will rest on the floor.) Press your hands into the wall for support. Repeat on the other side.

3. Supta Padangustasana (Reclining Hand-to-Big-Toe Pose)
Hold each leg vertical for one to two minutes, then open the leg out to the side (resting the outer thigh on a block) for the same length of time. (Total time four to eight minutes).

4. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward-Facing Dog Pose)
Stay in the pose for one minute. Then step the right leg forward into the leg position for:

5. Eka Pada Rajakapotasana (One-Legged King Pigeon Pose)
Lay your torso down on the inner front thigh for one to two minutes. Then step lightly back into Adho Mukha Svanasana, hold for 30 seconds, and repeat with the left leg forward for the same length of time. (Total time of steps four and five: five to seven minutes).

6. Prasarita Padottanasana (Wide-Legged Standing Forward Bend) with a variation
With the legs wide, bend your right knee and shift your torso to the right, snugging it against the inner thigh. Keep the left leg strong, pressing the inner thigh out to the left. Hold for one minute. Inhale back to center, then repeat to the left for the same length of time. Finally, perform the full pose for two minutes. (Total time four minutes) .

7. Utthita Parsvakonasana (Extended Side Angle Pose)
Perform with the bottom arm pressing against the inner thigh. Hold each side for one to two minutes (Total time two to four minutes).

8. Vrksasana (Tree Pose)
Hold each side for minute (Total time two minutes).

9. Upavistha Konasana (Wide Angle Seated Forward Bend) with a variation
First twist to the right for one minute, then to the left for the same length of time. Return to center and fold forward for one to three minutes (Total time three to five minutes) .

10. Janu Sirsasana (Head-to-Knee Pose)
Fold forward for two minutes on a side (Total time four minutes) .

11. Malasana (Garland Pose)
(Total time two minutes).

12. Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (Bridge Pose)
Place a block underneath your sacrum for support. (Total time two to three minutes) .

13. Salamba Sarvangasana (Supported Shoulderstand) with a variation
Come into Shoulderstand and them bend the knees and press the soles of the feet together Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose). (Total time three minutes).

14. Savasana (Corpse Pose)
(Total time 10 minutes).


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DEPRESSION

DEPRESSION

The word "depression" covers a wide range of conditions, from long-standing and severe clinical or major depression to shorter-term and episodic mild depression, also called dysthymic disorder, to situational depression brought on by a major life change, such as the death of a spouse, job loss, divorce.

Many different therapies are available for depression, including anti-depressants and psychotherapy. Studies indicate that regular exercise too, including yoga asanas and breathing, can help some people ease the symptoms of mild to moderate forms of depression.

Of course, one major hurdle in using exercise to alleviate depression is motivation, or lack of it. Most depressed people don't really feel much like getting out of bed in the morning, much less exercising. Then too, failure to see the exercise program through can make a depressed person feel even worse. So start off slowly, and be sure to choose an exercise that you really enjoy; if possible, exercise with a supportive partner or group. Try to exercise at least three times a week.

DEPRESSION SEQUENCE (minimum time 40 minutes, maximum time 70 minutes)

1. Supta Baddha Konasana (Reclining Bound Angle Pose) with your back torso supported on a rolled blanket positioned below and parallel to your spine. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

2. Supta Padangusthasana (Reclining Big Toe Pose)
Use a strap to hold the raised leg in place. Hold each side for 1 to 2 minutes; total time 2 to 4 minutes.

3. Adho Mukha Svanasana (Downward Facing Dog) Use a bolster or block to support the head. (Total time 1 to 2 minutes.)

4. Uttanasana (Standing Forward Bend)
Support your head and crossed forearms supported on a padded chair seat. (Total time 1 to 3 minutes.)

5. Sirsasana (Headstand)
Intermediate students should perform the full pose for a total time of 3 to 5 minutes. Bring your feet back to the floor slowly together if possible, either with straight knees or bent, with an exhalation, and stand in Standing Forward Bend for 30 seconds before coming up. (Total time 3 minutes.)

6. Urdhva Dhanurasana (Upward Bow Pose)
Supported on a chair. Pad the chair seat either with a sticky mat or folded blanket. Then slide your legs through the space between the chair back and seat, and sit on the back edge of the seat facing the chair back. Grip the chair legs just below the chair back and, with an exhalation, lean into a backbend. The front edge of the seat should cross your back torso just under your shoulder blades. Keep your knees bent and feet on the floor. Support the back of your head, either on a bolster or a block. You can continue to hold the chair legs, stretch your arms overhead, or slip your arms underneath the seat between the chair legs and grip the back rung. Be sure to breathe smoothly.

To come up, grip the chair legs just below the chair back, and pull yourself up with an exhalation. Try to lead to movement of your torso with your chest, not your head. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

7. Seated twist
Continue to sit reversed through the chair, twist to the right with an exhalation, hold for 30 seconds, then twist to the left for 30 seconds. Repeat three times to each side, each time holding for 30 seconds. (Total time 3 minutes.)

8. Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (Bridge Pose) Place a blank under the shoulders for support. Repeat three times, each time for 30 seconds to 1 minute. (Total time 2 to 3 minutes.)

9. Salamba Sarvangasana (Shoulderstand)
(Total time 3 to 5 minutes.) Follow Shoulderstand with Halasana (Plow Pose). Intermediate students should do full Plow with their feet on the floor, beginners can do Plow with their feet resting on a chair seat. (Total time 1 to 2 minutes.)

10. Janu Sirsasana (Head-to-Knee Forward Bend)
Support the head either on a bolster laid across your extended leg, or if you're less flexible, on the front edge of a padded chair seat. Hold each side for 1 to 3 minutes; total time 2 to 6 minutes.

11. Setu Bandha Sarvangasana (Supported Bridge Pose)
Allow the torso supported on a bolster, and shoulders and head resting lightly on the floor. Keep your knees bent and feet on the floor. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

12. Viparita Karani (Legs-Up-the-Wall Pose)
Pelvis is supported on a bolster or rolled blanket. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.) Be sure to slide off the support before your turn to your side.

13. Reclining Conqueror Ujjayi
Lie on a blanket support to open your chest, with long, smooth, full inhalations and exhalations. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

14. Savasana (Corpse Pose)
Come off your blanket support and lay your back torso flat on the floor. Support your bent knees on a bolster. (Total time 8 to 10 minutes.)

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MENSTRUATION

MENSTRUATION

Exercise during menstruation is generally highly recommended. It's believed that exercise can ease the discomfort of dysmenorrhea; quell mood swings, anxiety, and depression; and reduce bloating.

Most contemporary yoga teachers advise a fairly conservative approach toward asana practice during menstruation. These menstrual sequences generally consist of prop-supported poses-mostly forward bends. This makes perfect sense for women who feel sluggish during their cycle. However, many other women don't feel the need to change anything about their practice during menstruation, except maybe to limit strenuous inverted poses. Each student should decide for herself what kind of asana sequence is most appropriate for her body during menstruation.

Menstruation Sequence (minimum time 45 minutes, maximum time 60 minutes)

1. Supta Baddha Konasana (Reclining Bound Angle Pose)
Support the torso on a bolster. (Total time 5 minutes.)

2. Supta Padangusthasana (Reclining Big Toe Pose)
Use a strap to hold the raised leg in place. Hold each side for 2 minutes; total time 4 minutes.

3. Baddha Konasana (Bound Angle Pose)
(Total time 2 minutes.)

4. Janu Sirsasana (Head-to-Knee Pose)
Support the head either on a bolster laid across your extended leg, or if you're less flexible on the front edge of a padded chair seat. Hold each side for 3 to 5 minutes; total time 6 to 10 minutes.

5. Paschimottanasana (Seated Forward Bend)
With your torso and head supported on a bolster laid along your legs. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

6. Upavistha Konasana (Seated Wide-Angle Pose)
Rest the torso on a bolster positioned between your legs with its long axis parallel to your torso. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes). Then come up and twist to each side for 30 seconds to 1 minute, holding the shin or the inside of the foot. (Total time 1 to 2 minutes.)

7. Urdhva Dhanurasana (Upward-Facing Bow)
Supported on a chair. Pad the chair seat with either a sticky mat or a folded blanket. Then slide your legs through the space between the chair back and seat, and sit on the back edge of the seat facing the chair back. Grip the chair legs just below the chair back and, with an exhalation, lean into a backbend. The front edge of the seat should cross your back torso just under your shoulder blades. Keep your knees bent and feet on the floor. Support the back of your head, either on a bolster or a block. You can continue to hold the chair legs, stretch your arms overhead, or slip your arms underneath the seat between the chair legs and grip the back rung. Be sure to breathe smoothly.

To come up, grip the chair legs just below the chair back, and pull yourself up with an exhalation. Try to lead to movement of your torso with your chest, not your head. (Total time 3 to 5 minutes.)

8. Seated Twist
Still sitting reversed through the chair, twist to the right with an exhalation, hold for 30 seconds, then twist to the left for 30 seconds. Repeat three times to each side, each time holding for 30 seconds. (Total time 3 minutes.)

9. Viparita Karani (Legs-Up-the-Wall Pose)
Support the pelvis on a bolster or rolled blanket. (Total time 5 to 10 minutes.) Be sure to slide off the support before your turn to your side.

10. Savasana (Corpse)
(Total time 8 to 10 minutes.)

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